IAS 2019 is just ahead, July 21-24 in Mexico City. To help you prepare, read on for a round-up of research and happenings you won’t want to miss, a roadmap to guide you to sessions where HIV prevention is center stage, and how to follow on-site or from afar.

This year’s conference will feature data from late-breakers on highly anticipated research including:

• Data on the first-ever human trial of a new PrEP implant
• Analysis of the need to integrate HIV prevention with sexual & reproductive health in light of the ECHO study results
• Updates from the Discover trial of F/TAF for PrEP
• Findings from a study of same-day PrEP initiation among gay men and other men who have sex with men
• Data from the ASCENT study evaluating an HIV mosaic vaccine

For the full conference program go to the website for IAS 2019, and find your optimal schedule for following HIV prevention with AVAC’s conference roadmap, which can be sorted by timing, intervention or session type (Excel/PDF here).

Consider adding these satellite and conference events below, some hosted by AVAC and partners, to your calendar!

• “Sticky Linkage”: Latest evidence and new strategies
  Sunday 21 July, 8:00-10:00, Palacio de Iturbide 1 y 2

  This session on approaches for improving ART initiation and retention will talk about challenges to the idea that the continuum of care is linear. The agenda includes the results of segmentation research aimed at improving linkage to treatment among South African men.

• Hormonal contraception and HIV risk: Understanding the ECHO trials results, and what’s next for women, providers, policies, and programmes
  Sunday 21 July, 17:00-19:00, Palacio de Valparaíso 2

  Come to this forum to hear a review of the ECHO study results and discussion of their implications for women, providers, policies and programs. Presentations will focus on informed choice for women, the need to expand method mix, and the importance of integrating HIV prevention with sexual and reproductive health.

• An HIV vaccine to prevent HIV acquisition
  Sunday 21 July, 17:00-19:00, Palacio de Valparaíso 1

  Learn more about the newest candidate for a vaccine to be investigated in a trial known as Mosaico. This session will provide an overview of pre-clinical work and next steps for the latest mosaic vaccine strategy.

• Data from six locations inform the future of the HIV response
  Monday 22 July, 14:15-15:00

  This press conference will unveil a new analysis from amfAR, AVAC and Friends of the Global Fight of six case studies of progress toward epidemic control. From the report Translating Progress Into Success to End the AIDS Epidemic, the analysis identifies elements that accelerate the impact of treatment and prevention with implications for program, policy, implementation and advocacy. The press conference will only be open to journalists, but you can watch the livestream and watch for a future Advocates Network with links to the report post-launch.

• Improving prevention choice, while we wait for an HIV vaccine: Prioritizing resources for key population-specific prevention research and implementation
  Tuesday 23 July, 14:30-16:00, Palacio de Valparaíso 1

  For a broad analysis of improving prevention for key populations, check out this presentation, part of a larger session titled, Prevention is more than PrEP.

• High adherence and sustained impact on HIV-1 incidence: Final results of an open-label extension trial of the dapivirine vaginal ring
  Tuesday 23 July, 14:30-16:00, Palacio de Valparaíso 2

  Catch the latest results on the effectiveness of the dapivirine vaginal ring at this session on the findings of the HOPE open-label study.

Following from afar?

AVAC will offer comments and updates on Twitter and Facebook. Use the conference hashtag — #IAS2019.

Get the latest news on the conference at this dedicated page on the IAS 2019 website.

Interested in the events where AVAC is participating? Click here. And watch this space for additional updates.

Maureen is the African Regional Advocacy Advisor at AVAC.

As in-country planning for the Key Population Investment Fund (KPIF), a PEPFAR initiative to fund programs and organizations focused on key populations, key populations (KP) groups should take center stage in the process. Leaving them behind or out of the process would mean proceeding against their will.

In May, AVAC joined Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Zambia in the kick-off planning for the KPIF. The experience and lessons from the Zambia meeting provide insights into how to fully engage KP groups in the planning process—and the Zambia experience has ignited interest and enthusiasm among KP groups in different countries who are now more than ever eager to engage at all levels.

Different groups in different countries are now reaching out to their KPIF lead agencies to get more details and demand their seat at the table. (See AVAC’s Activist Guide to Influencing and Monitoring KPIF Rollout to see which agency is lead in your country and more.) Malawi is a case in point. KP-led CSOs in Malawi reviewed the contents of a KPIF proposal for Malawi in June. AVAC, joining as an observer, was on hand offering background information and lessons from the experience in Zambia. The result was a set of recommendations that helped key populations to participate meaningfully in the process of implementing the KPIF.

Background

Key populations in Malawi remain at highest risk of HIV infection. Due to high levels of stigma and discrimination both in the community and at facility level, access to HIV prevention and treatment services remain low among this group. More effort to improve service delivery will only yield results if the structural barriers to services are addressed. The KPIF funding can be leveraged to do just that—dismantle structural barriers. Following the news of the $100 million KPIF investment from PEPFAR, KP groups have been pushing to allocate funds to close gaps in implementation and address the dire needs that stem from them.

How are the key populations CSOs engaging with the process in Malawi?

In May, Malawi’s KP groups, led by the Centre for the Development of People, formed a coalition known as the Diversity Forum, to coordinate and unite KP voices around issues affecting them. Members have since used this forum to engage stakeholders on issues that affect key populations in Malawi.

In June, the Diversity Forum took part in a gathering of the KP Technical Working Group (KP TWG) where USAID presented a fully developed KPIF proposal. KP CSOs in the room felt they were left out of the initial process for developing the proposal and asked for time to review and provide feedback. Within days the Diversity Forum had facilitated a process that resulted in beefed-up coordination and a draft statement outlining current implementation gaps and key recommendations for the KPIF implementation.

The recommendations include:

• CEDEP, the Secretariat of the Diversity Forum, should be named the host organization/grant manager for KPIF funds. CEDEP possesses the capacity to manage these funds, and has demonstrated long, sustained, meaningful engagement of LGBTQI+ and key populations. CEDEP maintains positive working relationships with all other LGBTQI+-led organizations, namely those with membership in the Diversity Forum. The Diversity Forum endorses CEDEP as host for the funds.
• The Diversity Forum should be consulted at every stage of planning, proposal writing, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of KPIF-related activities and projects.
• The Diversity Forum members should be present at all PEPFAR meetings and consultations pertaining to KPIF in Malawi; PEPFAR should issue formal invitations to the members of the Forum on these occasions.
• PEPFAR should work to develop the technical capacity and ability to provide services of all the organizations that comprise the Diversity Forum.
• PEPFAR should not lose sight of the role of the advocacy and activism undertaken by the organizations of the Diversity Forum in improving service uptake and delivery, mandates at the core of KPIF.

The Diversity Forum will follow up on the statement. The Forum also remains open to further engagement on its content, but the interest of Malawi’s civil society and all advocates working on behalf of key populations will not waver. The KPIF represents a vital resource in the struggle against discrimination and inequity. We can’t afford to see it squandered.

Kenneth is the Advocacy and Networking Officer at HEPS-Uganda.

In 2016, the Key Population Investment Fund (KPIF) was announced by PEPFAR leader Ambassador Deborah Birx at the UN High-Level Meeting. It took two years before this commitment materialized, and at the AIDS 2018 conference in Amsterdam, Ambassador Birx announced that the funds would finally be disbursed to selected awardees through PEPFAR agencies to existing cooperative agreements. The $100M (split between CDC and USAID) is meant to support scale-up of key population-led community approaches to expand and enhance HIV services. In Uganda, the $10m envelope of funding for KPIF is being implemented by CDC through existing implementing partners like The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) and Baylor.

Since the announcement, advocates and key population (KP) representatives have been at the forefront of planning for KPIF implementation, advocating that the fund must serve its primary purpose—expanding demand for and access to quality, effective HIV prevention, care, and treatment services for key populations; addressing structural barriers, reducing stigma, discrimination, and violence; promoting regular and meaningful engagement of KPs; promoting human rights without distinction; and supporting collection and analysis of epidemiologic data on KP subpopulations. Ugandan civil society representatives have kept a keen eye on every stage of the KPIF planning and implementation thus far.

Early on, key population and civil society representatives were involved in a consultative priority-setting meeting in October 2018. These KPIF priorities were echoed at the 2019 Regional Planning Meeting (annual meetings to make plans, set targets and define approaches for Country Operational Plans (COP)) and they were incorporated into the Strategic Direction Summary (a country-specific document that describes investments, targets and program strategy for the COP).

Furthermore, Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) spearheaded the formation of the Uganda Key Population’s Consortium, and under the banner of the consortium, civil society and KP representatives of the PEPFAR core committee led nationwide popularization of the KPIF.

After the Regional Planning Meeting in March 2019, KPs and civil society representatives have continued to monitor the implementation of the KPIF. After CDC’s implementing partners sent out the first calls for application, advocates and some KP representatives set up a technical working group team that supported local community-based KP organizations to review applications and help strengthen the proposed interventions.

During this process, advocates observed that there were needlessly stringent requirements and that there was minimal dissemination of the call, which was contrary to the objectives of the KPIF. Additional issues raised by KP representatives and advocates included lack of experience by some of CDC’s implementing partners in working with KPs, blatant homophobia and the requirement that groups be fully registered with strong financial systems, which disqualified many community-based KP organizations (which the fund is ideally supposed to strengthen).

Advocates were able to successfully advocate for a formal advisory group, which includes civil society and key population representatives, to oversee the implementation of the fund. And in the meantime, CDC has halted the sub-granting process to address some of the issues raised by CSOs. Watch this space for further developments!

In-country planning for the Key Population Investment Fund (KPIF), a PEPFAR initiative to fund programs and organizations focused on key populations, has finally begun. AVAC and a number of our partners have been working with KP-led organizations in KPIF countries to help them engage in and influence the ongoing country-level processes. AVAC has developed a new resource and documented some of its work to-date to help inform ongoing advocacy and action. Read on for more!

Activism in Action: Malawi, Uganda and Zambia

Lessons learned from the engagement experiences in Malawi, Uganda and Zambia are required reading for advocates and key population groups looking to make an impact during the in-country KPIF planning process.

In Zambia, KP-led CSOs came together to demand their space and put forward their recommendations on what should be included in the KPIF. In Malawi, the Diversity Forum, a newly established KP coalition, demanded accountability and transparency in the KPIF processes. And in Uganda, a formal advisory group, which includes civil society and key population representatives, was established to oversee implementation of the fund. These experiences, documented on the P-Values blog, highlight lessons learnt and next steps, which other civil society and KP groups can look to replicate or adapt.

KPIF Guide

An Activist’s Guide to Influencing and Monitoring KPIF Rollout, is designed to guide advocates as they engage with KPIF planning and implementation. The guide points to specific components of the KPIF and key things to watch out for in the coming months.

The Guide also includes a link to a survey for KP-led organizations in KPIF countries to assist in providing timely information and support on engagement. If this applies to you or your organization, please fill it out here!

A new report, What we know and don’t know about adolescent girls and young women and HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: Mapping findings across completed, ongoing and planned projects, analyzes data from 49 projects in 20 countries to identify steps that will advance HIV prevention awareness, uptake and adherence by adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Among the findings is the existence of a robust body of knowledge that explores young women’s attitudes about HIV prevention. But the field knows far less about the effect of communities on attitudes and behaviors related to prevention, even though that support is thought to be crucial to the uptake of HIV prevention. These and other findings in the report can inform implementers and policy makers now, and they also point to where more research is needed.

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) comprise the majority of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. According to UNAIDS, young women between the ages of 15 and 24 in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely to be living with HIV than young men of the same age, and 75 percent of all new infections in 15- to 19-year-olds are found in AGYW. Responding to the needs of AGYW is critical to ending the epidemic in the region. Many programs have implemented HIV prevention interventions aimed at AGYW, with varying success, as they confront the unique challenges, concerns and vulnerabilities faced by AGYW.

Oral PrEP is one such HIV prevention option, which is US FDA-approved, WHO-recommended, and demonstrated to be very effective in research studies. But, in many settings, implementers have faced challenges rolling out PrEP, a reminder that the efficacy of a product alone is not a predictor of real-world success. When people do not like a product, face structural or social barriers to accessing it, or have difficulty incorporating it into their daily lives—and thus don’t use it—efficacy by itself cannot overcome that.

So, what do AGYW need and want from a prevention product or program? What program features or social factors will galvanize them to use a product or participate in a program, continue with that intervention and ultimately champion it with their peers and communities? The report, produced by the the HIV Prevention Market Manager and Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, explores these questions, drawing from 49 projects focusing on AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa, for which HIV prevention is a primary objective. It examines 308 individual key findings reported by these projects to highlight what approaches have worked best and why, and where data gaps exist in the field. (Through the HIV Prevention Market Manager, AVAC has also undertaken human-centered design research in South Africa to better understand the factors that encourage or discourage AGYW’s engagement with HIV prevention.)

The report’s analysis maps the findings along two continuums, the social ecological model and behavior change framework. The number of findings along either of these continuum point to stronger or weaker areas of knowledge in the field. For instance, most findings focus on the individual and the initial “awareness” stage of behavior change, an indication that many AGYW are not yet using prevention methods and fewer have begun championing them with others.