Advancing the inclusion of pregnant and lactating populations in HIV PrEP research: ethical, regulatory, and surveillance recommendations from a multisectoral working group

Approximately one-quarter of vertical HIV transmissions are linked to infections during pregnancy and lactation, yet data on PrEP use in these populations remains generally limited due to their exclusion from clinical trials. A multisectoral working group, including AVAC’s executive director Mitchell Warren, held meetings and a scientific symposium to inform evidence-based strategies for improving the inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in PrEP trials. They recommend reframing pregnant and lactating women as needing protection through research, alongside standardized data systems, stronger incentives, global collaboration, and digital innovation to ensure equitable inclusion in HIV prevention efforts.

From Anticipation to Action: The Civil Society Advocates’ Checklist for Lenacapavir for PrEP 

By Co-Chairs of the Civil Society Caucus of the Coalition to Accelerate Access to Long-Acting PrEP Chilufya Kasanda, Kenneth Mwehonge, Numan Afifi and AVAC staff supporting the Caucus Navita Jain & Bridget Jjuuko

The landscape of HIV prevention is shifting beneath our feet. We have officially moved from the anticipation of long-acting options to the gritty, urgent work of early implementation, and translating biomedical options into actual choices for people.

The most recent new option is injectable lenacapavir (LEN) for PrEP – a six-monthly subcutaneous injection that offers near perfect protection from HIV. With LEN implementation ongoing in nine African countries as part of Global Fund and PEPFAR support to 24 “Early Adopter” countries, the question is no longer if LEN will arrive, but how fast we can get it to the communities who need it most and build a sustainable, scalable market.

To ensure community leadership sits at the center of this rollout, the Advocates’ Checklist for Lenacapavir for PrEP Introduction was designed as an immediate, actionable blueprint to help civil society organizations (CSOs) and global health advocates pressure-test government commitments, map implementation bottlenecks and demand equitable access. Whether your country is currently on the early adopter list or you are fiercely campaigning for its inclusion, this checklist outlines the essential questions we all need to be asking our Ministries of Health, technical partners and funders.

Why This Checklist? Why Now?

While the field eagerly prepares for the entry of generic LEN supplies into the market in 2027, we cannot afford to simply wait for that eventuality. The demand and need for LEN is immediate – and the sooner we create demand, the sooner generics will make larger volumes at lower prices. Advancing LEN rollout now, as quickly and as large as possible, translates directly into preventable HIV infections and signals strong demand to generic manufacturers as they prepare to enter the market and to donors as they plan for larger-scale procurement. Advocates need to push for speedy and equitable access to LEN right now, while simultaneously preparing national systems for a multi-producer generic market tomorrow.

The checklist breaks down advocacy targets into five critical pillars:

  • Regulatory & Policy Alignment: Moving LEN from regulatory approval to formal integration into National HIV Prevention Guidelines alongside oral PrEP, long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) and the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring (DVR).
  • Financing & Procurement: Holding funders accountable to the “3 Million in 3 Years” target for providing access to LEN for prevention, and treating that commitment as a floor, not a ceiling. Ensuring robust demand forecasts are developed and financing plans reflect both procurement and program needs.
  • Supply Chain & Site Readiness: Using technical tools to track whether orders sitting at the Global Fund are actually reaching central warehouses and frontline clinics.
  • Demand Generation & Community Leadership: Fighting back against the “slow rollout” narrative and embedding LEN into comprehensive, integrated choice campaigns rather than letting it be siloed.
  • Accountability & Monitoring: Securing dedicated civil society seats on National Technical Working Groups and deploying Community-Led Monitoring (CLM) to track stock-outs and document real-world access barriers.

Working together, partners from Ascend Futures Foundation, APCOM, HEPS Uganda and AVAC, representing members of the Civil Society Caucus of the Coalition to Accelerate Access to Long-Acting PrEP, lent their expertise and localized insights to create this tool for the global community. It is the newest in a suite of resources available on PrEPWatch to support LEN rollout, including the LEN Resource Toolkit and the Long-Acting PrEP Status Dashboard.

With this tool in hand, now is the time to turn high-level commitments into real choices at the clinic level. For questions or comments about the checklist, contact us at [email protected].


Get Involved: Download and Share the Checklist: Access the full PDF tool to start auditing your country’s readiness. 

Track Progress Live: Keep an eye on global efforts and view continuously updated, country-specific progress trackers on PrEPWatch.

“Lenacapavir has the potential to transform HIV prevention, but its true impact will depend on whether it expands choice rather than replaces it. No single prevention method will work for everyone. Ending new HIV infections requires a prevention ecosystem where every individual can choose the option that best fits their needs, preferences and circumstances.”

Chilufya Hampongo
Executive Director of Ascend Futures Foundation and co-chair of the CS Caucus

“Asia and the Pacific account for nearly one in six people living with HIV globally. For us, global access is about ensuring that new prevention tools do not remain available only in a handful of countries but can reach the millions of people across our region who could benefit from them. That’s how scientific innovation translates into public health impact.”

Numan Afifi
Senior Policy and Research Officer at APCOM and co-chair of the CS Caucus

“Lenacapavir has the potential to transform HIV prevention in high-burden countries. For governments, it is more than a new product—it is an opportunity to prevent infections more effectively, expand choice, reach underserved populations, and reduce the long-term social and economic costs of HIV. If introduced equitably and at scale, LEN could become one of the most important tools in accelerating progress towards ending AIDS as a public health threat.”

Kenneth Mwehonge
Executive Director of HEPS Uganda and co-chair of the CS Caucus

Avac Event

Future-Proofing the AIDS Response

Harnessing the Power of Innovation and Communities

The UN high-level side-event “Future-proofing the AIDS Response: Harnessing the power of innovation and communities,” will be held on the margins of the UN High Level Meeting on HIV. The event will be organized by UNDP, UNFPA, WHO, UNODC, UNICEF, UN Women, UNHCR — in collaboration with civil society partners: GNP+, AVAC, women’s organizations, and key population networks.

AVAC’s Executive Director Mitchell Warren and AVAC Board member and ITPC Executive Director Solange Baptiste will be speaking at the event, and are joined by AVAC Board member Jeff O’Malley of UNDP who are organizing the event.

Find out more about side events and panels here: https://www.unaids.org/en/2026-high-level-meeting-aids.

HIV Prevention Advocates Applaud South Africa’s Introduction of Lenacapavir for PrEP

Call on Donors and Governments to Accelerate Access to Deliver Actual Impact

In a landmark moment, South Africa today became the 9th African country to introduce lencapavir (LEN) for HIV prevention. South Africa’s introduction of LEN is especially significant given the country’s central role in shaping the regional HIV response and the global PrEP market. As the largest PrEP market in the world, South Africa’s leadership can help drive the demand, volume, market confidence and lower prices needed to accelerate equitable access across the continent and the world. HIV prevention partners AVAC, Advocates for the Prevention of HIV in Africa (APHA), and Access Bridge welcomed today’s news of increased commitments and support from the Global Fund, while calling for further ensure access is realized and impact achieved.

“Today is a breakthrough. Not only for our country and the African continent, which continues to carry some of the world’s largest HIV burdens, but for the global HIV response. Access to LEN allows us to reimagine prevention, especially for young people and adolescent girls and young women who need more choices that fit their lives. It is important to centre our efforts around girls and young women who need to be the focus of our efforts. We must move with urgency to ensure that everyone who could benefit from lenacapavir can do so,” said Yvette Raphael, Executive Director of Advocates for the Prevention of HIV in Africa (APHA) and co-chair of the African Women’s Prevention Community Accountability Board (AWPCAB).

“Today is a sign of what is possible when communities, governments, and partners work together. LEN will offer my generation the chance to protect their health with greater freedom and confidence. We must now make sure this innovation reaches the people who need it most—quickly, equitably, and without barriers. Today is exciting, but it is also a call to action for all of us,” said Lerato Morulane, APHA Ground Force coordinator.

During the launch event, the Global Fund announced that with additional backing from the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), it will scale-up support for South Africa’s LEN roll-out, increasing funding from $29M to nearly $70M to support this more ambitious effort. This contribution to the Global Fund goes toward their joint commitment with PEPFAR to ensure access to LEN for at least three million people over three years – a more solid start than with previous PrEP introductions, but still below the levels needed to deliver impact.

In July 2025, AVAC published a market assessment that the world could go much faster than existing commitments allow and reach at least 1.5 million people with LEN in just one year in low- and middle-income countries if resources were made available, and reach over seven million in three years, if resources were available.

“Lenacapavir has transformational potential for HIV prevention, and today’s launch is another step in the right direction,” said Mitchell Warren, Executive Director of AVAC. “But additional donor investments are urgently needed as the field is still nowhere near what the market can bear and what is needed for impact. A meaningful volume commitment of at least four million LEN users in two years is both possible and has the potential to unlock faster access, strengthen market confidence, and accelerate access to prevention for communities that need it most. Ultimately, LEN must reach more than five million people per year to have real impact, build a sustainable market, and drive prices down even further. Today’s announcement is progress, but we still need to go farther faster.”

LEN has been widely recognized as a transformative HIV prevention option, with the every-six-month injection providing highly effective protection. However, translating the scientific breakthrough of LEN into population-level access and impact requires coordinated action across many sectors, including financing, manufacturing, pricing, regulatory, and delivery.

“Today represents another important milestone, but now we need to roll up our collective sleeves and get to work,” said Wawira Nyagah, Executive Director of Access Bridge. “South Africa has an essential role to play in building the global market for LEN and driving the volumes needed to lower prices, strengthen supply, and accelerate access worldwide. To realize the full potential of this innovation, all stakeholders must work together with even greater urgency, ambition, and a commitment to speed, scale, and equity. The opportunity is in front of us; now we must seize it. To see LEN truly succeed, programs must be designed with communities at the centre and that commitments translate into real access for the people who need it. Access Bridge is working across countries in Eastern and Southern Africa to ensure countries are equipped to meet this moment.”

AVAC and Access Bridge have called on stakeholders to meet the current moment of scientific opportunity and public health need with bolder ambition. The past decade of PrEP programs have highlighted numerous lessons on how to get LEN rollout right as part of comprehensive HIV prevention programs so that today’s announcement translates into real-world impact. Key considerations include:

Today’s announcement builds on prior commitments from the Global Fund and PEPFAR, as well as investments from the Gates Foundation and Unitaid to accelerate development and access to generic LEN at lower prices. With generic LEN likely entering the market in the first half of 2027, now is the time to strengthen and grow the market with Gilead’s supply: the faster the market grows, the more infections that can be averted at lower cost.

“Commitments are important, but orders are essential. In Gilead’s own words, they can produce far more if orders are made,” said Warren. “Especially for 2027, clear timelines and ambitious orders for both originator and generic supply will be critical to avoid gaps in care of current LEN users and to expand the reach of this innovation.”

Speeding Up Access to PrEP

Time from efficacy results to key milestones

The timeline for hitting key milestones in product introduction is moving faster for injectable LEN than for any previous PrEP products, starting from the announcement of efficacy results in Phase III trials. LEN’s accelerated timeline compared to oral PrEP, DVR, and CAB reflects a field-wide effort to learn lessons from previous PrEP rollout and not repeat the mistakes of the past.

Advocates’ Primer: Understanding Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Studies in Next-Generation HIV Prevention Products

As more next-generation PrEP options become available, HIV prevention research is shifting away from large, multi-year efficacy trials toward pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioequivalence (BE) studies — which test whether a new formulation behaves in the body like a product already proven to work. This primer explains the shift and what it means for advocates.

An Advocates’ Checklist for Lenacapavir for PrEP Introduction

The Civil Society Caucus of the Coalition to Accelerate Access to Long-Acting HIV PrEP developed a new resource that offers practical guidance to help civil society, advocates and implementers accelerate equitable access to LEN for PrEP. The checklist is designed to support faster, community-centered rollout ahead of broader generic availability in 2027.

EXPrESSIVE Phase III Program Countries of MK-8527

Seventeen countries are hosting sites for the Phase III efficacy trials of a monthly PrEP pill, MK-8527, being developed by Merck (also known as MSD outside of the US and Canada). Merck announced the launch of the Phase III trials at IAS 2025 in Kigali. MK-8527 was found to be safe and well-tolerated in Phase II clinical trials.

PrEPWatch: Transforming Data into Action for PrEP Access

AVAC Impact Reports highlight the power of advocacy, research translation, and partnership to advance HIV prevention and global health equity. Read also about how African leadership drives HIV prevention access.

By Grace Tetteh

AVAC’s PrEPWatch is the trusted global repository for comprehensive, user-friendly and up-to-the-minute information about HIV prevention methods. The platform provides data, analysis, tools, and comprehensive resources that are widely used by governments, donors, and partners to inform HIV prevention policy, financing, and programmatic decisions. AVAC ensures that data are available, accessible, and now in partnership with its sister organization, Access Bridge, used to strengthen the efforts of advocates, civil society, policy makers, and funders to translate evidence into action.

Transparent data enables accountability by making gaps visible and actionable, leading to informed global advocacy and decision making that improves equity in PrEP access worldwide. The evidence collected and housed on PrEPWatch, especially through the Global PrEP Tracker, is more critical than ever as the current US administration dismantles USAID and increasingly restricts access to data. In May 2026, AVAC documented the drastic declines in PrEP initiations following cuts to PEPFAR in 2025.

A Brief History of PrEPWatch: Anticipating the results of the tenofovir PrEP trials

In 2005, with early clinical trials of oral tenofovir for PrEP underway and quite controversial, AVAC began tracking the early clinical trials – and the criticisms of them – in the report Will a Pill a Day Prevent HIV? It outlined key information about tenofovir, how it could be used to prevent HIV, tracking details on the status of clinical trials worldwide and surfaced insights, recommendations, and key questions about research ethics, product availability, and equitable access. Critically, it pushed the field to proactively consider and plan for equitable, comprehensive scale-up, should the pill work to prevent HIV.

The report became the foundation for PrEPWatch, which more than two decades later serves as the global resource for information, investigation and documentation for all PrEP products, both approved and in development.

Today, PrEPWatch hosts over 1,000 resources and attracts over 90,000 visitors annually. As the platform expands, so does its recognition as a trusted data source for media outlets, researchers, advocates, and other stakeholders. As Wesley Sundquist, biochemist at the University of Utah and one of TIME’s 100 Most Influential People of 2025 for groundbreaking research leading to the development of lenacapavir for PrEP (LEN), said about resources on LEN rollout: “This information is particularly valuable for me because I don’t follow the latest developments in the rollout nearly as closely as you do; it’s enormously useful for me to hear about this and transmit it accurately.”

The reach and visibility of PrEPWatch demonstrates the broad circulation of essential prevention resources and their fieldwide utility. From a single report 22 years ago, PrEPWatch has evolved into a trusted global resource that supports a broad network of informed stakeholders to engage with data to advance prevention and strengthen the overall HIV response.

Data transparency and accountability promote equity for PrEP access worldwide

One of the most powerful PrEPWatch resources is The Global PrEP Tracker — a comprehensive database with more than 15 years of country-specific data on PrEP initiations, uptake, and regulatory approvals. Updated on a quarterly basis, the dataset enables users to conduct country comparisons and analyses of trends over time, and surfaces insights on progress, setbacks, gaps, and inequities of PrEP availability and access worldwide. This historical and easily accessible dataset is a powerful tool for advocates, policymakers, and implementers to better understand national and regional data as they develop contextually relevant HIV prevention strategies and priorities.

Timely and actionable evidence supports coordinated and accelerated introduction of new prevention tools

As new prevention options emerge, maintaining access to timely, reliable information is critical to ensure effective planning, coordination, and scale-up. Lenacapavir offers the newest and one of the most tangible opportunities to curb the epidemic. It has surpassed previous milestones for the speed of regulatory approvals, guideline development, generic licensing and product introduction compared to previous PrEP products. At every step in the process from disseminating trial results to rollout, PrEPWatch has provided up to the minute resources and information to support LEN introduction and scale-up.

Across the early adopter countries of LEN for PrEP, national governments, supported by advocates, civil society organizations, and donors, used these resources to develop country-specific guidelines, implementation roadmaps, and projections for product demand and supply. As LEN introduction and scale up progresses, PrEPWatch remains essential to ensuring responsive evidence is available to support accelerated roll out, transforming innovation into real-world impact for communities.

“PrEPWatch is an invaluable clearinghouse to access global PrEP guidelines and resources for PrEP implementation. WHO is proud to have their documents included on this one-stop shop.”

—Michelle Rodolph

Leads HIV prevention and PrEP activities, World Health Organization

Sustaining access to credible evidence is a shared responsibility and commitment

PrEPWatch is an open-access platform across the HIV prevention ecosystem built on the collective contributions of partners and collaborators. Data, insights, updates, and resources are shared, synthesized, and translated to ensure accuracy and availability to a wide variety of stakeholders that are shaping policy, driving implementation, and advocating for equitable access to HIV prevention. As the pipeline continues to expand, AVAC and Access Bridge will ensure PrEPWatch remains responsive by providing comprehensive and timely resources that improve product introduction and access.

Avac Event

PrEP Power Webinar — Global Countries

The recent significant changes to global health funding have severely impacted HIV prevention services for those who need them most, in particular key populations (KPs). Already, some countries are seeing concerning trends in data suggesting a resurgence in new infections. At the same time, powerful new HIV prevention options are now a reality, though their promise is not set to be fully realized according to current planning.

This is the second in a series of two webinars providing an overview of what is happening now in countries to HIV prevention services for KPs, featuring tools and analyses produced by GBGMC, in partnership with Access Bridge to support advocacy and planning at country levels.

Speakers will include an array of experts on the global landscape, as well as country and community perspectives.

Discussions Will Explore:

  • Global product introduction experiences
  • Lessons from early adopter countries
  • Policy environments and implementation realities
  • Strategies for equitable LEN access

Featured Countries: Brazil, France, Philippines, Ukraine, United States, Vietnam