As CAB for PrEP is a long-acting, extended-release injection, bioequivalence (BE) testing takes time to determine whether the generic drug functions in the body similarly to the original drug. As shown in this timeline graphic, the BE study (as determined by WHO guidance) is the longest part of the development process for generic CAB. But other steps, such as selecting and licensing generic manufacturers and technology transfer could be done faster.
Generic Cabotegravir Timelines
PxWire Volume 14, Issue No. 3
PxWire is AVAC’s quarterly update covering the latest in the field of biomedical HIV prevention research and development, implementation and advocacy. Each issue includes updates, emerging issues and upcoming events. A PDF version of this report is also available.
Progress in PrEP Uptake
Oral PrEP initiations in Uganda were among the highest in the region, with sizable increases each quarter, until the enactment of the Anti-Homosexuality Act (AHA) in March 2023. Since then, the number of new PrEP initiations plummeted, and have since struggled to sustain rates seen in 2023. Public policies clearly matter.

Among 134 countries reviewed, 42 have comprehensive anti-discrimination policies covering a broad range of populations, while 24 lack any such policies. The remaining countries have adopted partial measures. Nations with comprehensive anti-discrimination policies, document significantly higher rates of PrEP initiation compared to those without such protections. Key studies show a strong link between supportive policies (which can enable PrEP eligibility, HIV self-testing, and lower age of consent for treatment, for example) and higher PrEP initiations.
An analysis presented at AIDS 2024, HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Policies Worldwide, by the Georgetown University Center for Global Health Policy & Politics and AVAC found that 69% of the 194 countries reviewed have approved at least one PrEP product. However, only 52% of these countries adhere to WHO guidance on PrEP eligibility, with regulatory approvals and national policies that support PrEP use for all populations or people at risk. This data reinforces the critical need for policies that support PrEP uptake.

PrEParing for New Products
Advocacy to accelerate licensing for new products can speed the process of generics manufacturing.
Three generic manufacturers—Aurobindo, Cipla, and Viatris—have licenses via the Medicinces Patent Pool to develop generic versions of injectable cabotegravir (CAB) for PrEP. These generic products are currently in development and expected to be submitted to regulatory authorities in the second half of 2026, with possible approval in 2027.
Does the Timeline Have to be this Long?
As CAB for PrEP is a long-acting, extended-release injection, bioequivalence (BE) testing takes time to determine whether the generic drug functions in the body similarly to the original drug. As shown on the timeline graphic below, the BE study (as determined by WHO guidance) is the longest part of the development process for generic CAB. But other steps, such as selecting and licensing generic manufacturers and technology transfer could be done faster. It is critical that generic manufacturers for new PrEP products, such as lenacapavir, star as soon as possible. This requires Gilead to pursue licensing even before regulatory submission, and to accelerate technology transfer and API development.
Product Updates
- Data from HPTN 084 show that CAB for PrEP was generally well tolerated and safe for both pregnant cisgender women and their babies.
- China has approved CAB for PrEP.
- With PEPFAR support, Eswatini, Nigeria, and Ukraine are poised to introduce CAB for PrEP into their national PrEP programmes this quarter, and the South African government announced CAB supplies from PEPFAR will be launched in Q1/Q2 2025.
See AVAC’s Planning Matrix for more!

The Latest R&D in the Prevention Pipeline
Results from the PURPOSE 1 trial of injectable lenacapavir showing 100% efficacy in preventing HIV among cisgender women and adolescent girls dominated headlines at the AIDS 2024 conference. This Phase 3 trial, conducted by Gilead Sciences, involved over 5,000 participants from South Africa and Uganda and demonstrated superior results compared to daily oral PrEP options. See the New England Journal of Medicine publication, accompanying Editorial and our advocates’ primer to learn more about the results and what needs to happen next: Lens on LEN: The basics on injectable lenacapavir as PrEP.
Gilead’s PURPOSE 2 Phase 3 trial is ongoing and testing injectable lenacapavir as PrEP in the US, South Africa, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Thailand, among cisgender men who have sex with men, transgender women, transgender men, and gender non-binary individuals. With 3,000 participants enrolled, initial results are anticipated in late 2024 or early 2025. Two other trials (PURPOSE 3 & 4) are currently recruiting in the United States, enrolling cisgender women and people who inject drugs, respectively. Enrollment for PURPOSE 5 in France and the UK is expected to commence in the latter half of this year. For more information about the lenacapavir trials, visit: An Overview of Lenacapavir for PrEP Trials.
Meanwhile, the bioequivalence study for the Dual Prevention Pill (DPP), designed to prevent both HIV and pregnancy, has concluded successfully, with each of the drugs functioning together in the body in a similar way to how they function alone. The promising results pave the way for regulatory submission and potential large-scale adoption, offering another significant tool in the fight against HIV and unintended pregnancies. Learn more about the DPP and find resources for your advocacy.

Prevention Playlist
AVAC develops a wide range of resources to inform decision making and action. Check out the latest:
Join
- 2024 STI Prevention Conference
- 2024 IUSTI World Congress
- HIV Research for Prevention (HIVR4P) Conference 2024
Read
- Choice, Access and Equity at AIDS 2024
- LEN in the Spotlight at AIDS 2024
- First Full Day of AIDS 2024
- AIDS 2024 Preconference Highlights
- Frontiers in Reproductive Health Special Issue: Multipurpose Prevention Technologies
- Global HIV Prevention Advocates Call for Accelerated Timeline for Widespread Access to Injectable Lenacapavir for PrEP
- Landmark Trial in South Africa and Uganda Finds Twice Yearly HIV Prevention Injection Safe and Highly Effective
- The Pandemic Accord: A critical fight in 2024
- Pride and a Transnational Anti-LGBTQ+ Reaction
- Tracking PrEP Rollout & Learning Lessons
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Eastern and Southern Africa: The latest insights
Watch and Listen
- Where’s the Equity? Including People with Disabilities in HIV Prevention Programming and Research
- PxPulse: The Advocacy Chronicles with Ruth Akulu who shares advocacy wins around the Dual Prevention Pill
- PxPulse: The Advocacy Chronicles with SMUG’s Allan Mwasa who discusses Uganda’s anti- homosexuality legislation
- You Get What You Measure: Why Monitoring for PrEP Choice Helps Tell Our Story
- PrEP Justice: Updates on the US v. Gilead case and the fight for equitable PrEP access
- AIDS 2024: New Ways for the Next Wave: Innovative R&D for the future of Women’s prevention
- Responding to Project 2025’s Threats to Science, Rights and Resources
- Illinois PrEP Summit 2024: Disrupting Disparities and Advancing Access
- It’s Not Just about the Trial: GPP from discovery to delivery in TB research
- From the Lab to the Jab: Lessons learned and what’s next in HIV vaccine research
- What’s Next for the Pandemic Accord? A civil society and communities perspective
- PrEP and the Role of HIV Self-Testing
Use
- Advocates’ Guide to Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (MPTs)
- Lens on LEN: The basics on injectable lenacapavir as PrEP
- The GPP Body of Evidence: GPP Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks, REAL and REAL2
- Advocates’ Guide to DoxyPEP
- Using the COMPASS Campaign Advocacy Assessment Tool (C-CAAT) to assess the effectiveness of advocacy campaigns
- Injectable Cabotegravir Evidence Gap Tracker
Avac Event
PrEP Your Booty – The Launch of HPTN 106 “Rev Up”
HPTN 106 (REV UP) is an innovative clinical trial from the HIV Prevention Trials Network that will investigate the safety and acceptability of a tenofovir-based rectal douche for HIV prevention among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. This webinar featured researchers leading the study.
Speakers:
Dr. Craig Hendrix, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Dr. Mark Marzinke, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Moderator:
Jim Pickett, The Choice Agenda
Co-sponsor:
HIV Prevention Trials Network

Avac Event
Let’s Talk LEN: What global advances in HIV prevention mean for Black communities in the US
Groundbreaking results from the PURPOSE 1 trial conducted among cisgender Ugandan and South African women have changed the injectable PrEP global landscape. This webinar explored the implications of these findings for US Black populations.
This webinar was co-hosted by PrEP in Black America, Black Public Health, Federal AIDS Policy Partnership (FAPP), AVAC, and APHA.

Avac Event
Opportunities to Expand Equitable Access to HIV Prevention Services through Community Pharmacies
RxEACH is a national coalition effort working to expand and sustain access to HIV prevention and linkage to care services in community pharmacies. Community pharmacies are poised to unlock access to HIV prevention services, particularly in areas where it is most needed, and can play a crucial role in achieving equitable PrEP access.
With over half of the 70,000 pharmacies in the U.S. in medically underserved areas and 90% of the U.S. population living within 5 miles of a pharmacy, community pharmacies can serve as vital entry points for essential HIV prevention and linkage to care services – and ensure people can access services in their communities. Broader pharmacy access for prevention services, can empower choice for individuals to choose to receive PrEP and other prevention services in a location that best suits their needs. This webinar discussed the opportunity to expand equitable access to HIV prevention services, including PrEP, and what is needed to grow and sustain community-based HIV prevention service programs in pharmacies.
Moderator:
- Mike Elizabeth, Equality Federation
Speakers:
- Natalie Crawford, Emory University
- Noelle Esquire, Elton John AIDS Foundation
- Juan Carlos Loubriel, Whitman-Walker Health
- Tamara McCants, National Pharmaceutical Association
- Michael Murphy, American Pharmacists Association
- Sara Zeigler, Courage Forward Strategies

Avac Event
2024 IUSTI World Congress
The International Union Against Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI) and ASHM are pleased to invite you to the 25th IUSTI World Congress, which will this year incorporate the Australasian Sexual and Reproductive Health Conference.
Taking place 17-20 September 2024 at the International Convention Centre in Gadigal Country, Australia, this conference will provide an opportunity to meet, discuss and learn about the latest research and innovation in sexual and reproductive health. The program will incorporate a range of world leading speakers and presentations, providing an opportunity to expand your professional knowledge through local and international insight.
Avac Event
2024 STI Prevention Conference
The STI Prevention Conference is a biennial conference that brings together international leading researchers with government experts, clinical STD care providers, and state and local public health administrators. The 2024 STI Prevention Conference is organized by the American Sexual Health Association, the American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Coalition of STD Directors.
Join more than 1,200 conference attendees September 16-19, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia, for four days of scientific updates and cutting-edge sessions on science, program, and policy.
AIDS 2024 Preconference Highlights
AIDS2024, this year’s annual conference of the International AIDS Society opened with a spotlight on troubling trends. A series of preconferences took on critical topics including supporting key populations in a time of increasing discrimination; new and novel research and implementation of STI prevention and treatment, witnessing a soaring rise in incidence; and the importance of implementing new PrEP options to create more choice for people who need HIV prevention most.
Key Populations at the Center of the Response
Breaking Barriers: Insights and Realities from Key Populations in HIV Prevention, organized by Global Black Gay Men Connect (GBGMC) and AVAC, featured the voices of speakers representing migrants, people who inject drugs, sex workers and LGBTQI+ people and the release of a new report, Making Rights a Reality: A GBGMC Roadmap. GBGMC executive director and former AVAC staffer, Micheal Ighodaro said the report challenges the “misinformation and complacency that assume the world can achieve HIV sustainability, biomedical HIV prevention progress and global health security without key populations’ leadership and insight.”
AVAC’s Cindra Feuer offered context on impending reductions in global spending on the HIV response, occurring not because resources are limited but because of waning interest. Inform your advocacy with AVAC and GBGMC’s 2023 Global HIV Prevention Roadmap for Key Populations.
AVAC’s Kenyon Farrow presented on why researchers, implementers and community advocates can and should all play a role in shaping the PrEP pipeline, and how innovation in the pipeline should be implemented.

Why STIs Matter
The preconference, Mobilize for Action on Sexually Transmitted Infections addressed the urgent need to confront the global spike in STI rates, particularly syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. Epidemiological data shows alarming growth in STI rates, and speakers discussed the morbidity and mortality that they’re causing, and an underfunded infrastructure for researching new diagnostics, antibiotics, vaccines and other treatments.
Perhaps no more sobering of a statement was made than by Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, director of NIAID, when discussing the number of global deaths from something as treatable as syphilis. “I think some of the more staggering statistics here, in addition to the sheer number of new infections, is the fact that we had in 2022 over 200,000 syphilis-associated deaths, which to me is practically medieval.”
In addition to research for new treatments and increases in STI program funding, Alison Footman, AVAC’s senior program manager of STIs said it’s equally important to strengthen the capacity and role of community advocates in fighting STIs.
“AVAC partners with many organizations across East and Southern Africa who are raising the profile of STI advocacy. From their guidance, we know there’s a need for community advisory boards [to be] involved in STI research. It can and will improve essential research.”
Alison Footman, AVAC
A rigorous debate explored the question of implementing DoxyPEP, given there’s no efficacy data for cisgender women in light of fears of creating drug resistant strains of STIs from wider use of doxycycline. Strong arguments were made on both sides, but this controversy is one of the reasons AVAC recently published an Advocate’s Guide to Doxycycline to Prevent STIs.
Cure and the Next Berlin Patient
With researchers announcing what appears to be the seventh person potentially cured of HIV following a stem cell transplant, a preconference on cure research, Towards a Truly Global HIV Cure, captured a feeling of momentum driving cure research today. Donors discussed new investments in African-based infrastructure and initiatives. Scientists explained where cure research is headed in both adult and pediatric populations. But none of these topics were more important than comments from a South African participant in the FRESH cohort trial that includes an analytic treatment interruption, one of the first in Africa, emphasizing that a strong commitment to communication was the foundation to building the trust necessary for these trials. ”Sharing strategies for communication and advocacy across the field of HIV cure research will be essential for it to advance.”
PrEP Choice
With interim results of the PURPOSE 1 HIV prevention study of injectable lenacapavir (LEN) for PrEP among cisgender women and adolescent girls recently announced, the expanding landscape of PrEP options was the focus of Welcome to the Era of PrEP Choice. Organized by the Gates Foundation, Unitaid, USAID, and the World Health Organization, the message from this session echoed throughout the various presentations: Everyone has a role to play in expanding access to real choices for all who need and want them. Putting in place the right programs, policies and investment to deliver choices at scale and bend the curve of the epidemic utterly depends on a commitment to integrated, equitable, people-centered, and community-led approaches. See the latest quarterly update from The Coalition to Accelerate Access to Long-Acting PrEP, AVAC’s recent webinar on monitoring for PrEP choice to improve and simplify data, and the new Lens on LEN, an advocates guide explain the findings from Purpose 1 and next steps for advocacy.

Stay tuned for more highlights from AIDS 2024 and visit our curated conference webpage for new resources and ways to navigate #AIDS2024 including our roadmap.
MPT R&D Funding 2018-2021
This graphic tracks funding levels for a variety of multipurpose technologies for several years. Excerpted from our Advocates’ Guide to Multipurpose Prevention Technologies.
A Champion for the Dual Prevention Pill
We’ve got PrEP. We’ve got contraceptives. But what impact would there be on reducing HIV diagnoses if PrEP and contraception were rolled into one? The development of products and programs that integrate HIV prevention with other critical health-care needs is on the cusp of a new chapter. With advances in the development of the Dual Prevention Pill (DPP), a focus now on the role of multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) and how to integrate HIV services with sexual & reproductive health (SRH) is a must. The right conversations and the right commitments will speed investment and innovation in delivering a new paradigm in prevention: one that offers an integrated, person-centered experience for people who need prevention and want solutions that work for them.
So, what are MPTs, and what is the DPP?
An MPT refers to a single product (think condoms) designed to simultaneously address more than one health need (think prevention of both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections). Condoms are the only MPT on the market today. But the DPP may soon change that. Now in late-stage development, the DPP combines an oral PrEP formulation with an oral contraceptive, preventing both transmission of HIV and pregnancy in one pill.
Our next episode of the Advocacy Chronicles features the work of an unstoppable advocate who mobilized government action to prepare for the introduction of the DPP while also establishing a groundbreaking new initiative for ongoing engagement between regulatory authorities and young women representing their communities.

- Listen to The Advocacy Chronicles with Ruth Akulu to learn what the DPP could mean for young women in Uganda and how Ruth undertook the work to advance her advocacy.
- Attending AIDS 2024? Hear Ruth Akulu in person and participate in an interactive workshop on practical steps to prepare for the DPP on Wednesday July 24 at Two for the Price of One: Simplifying Access to HIV Prevention and Contraception with MPTs. Want more on the DPP? Check out these other sessions too.
The field has arrived at a moment when advances in research and development for integrated products can and must be supported and sustained. And these integrated products must be matched with integrated programs, designed by and for the people who need them most. We hope these resources support and inspire your work.